Special ceramics include zirconia ceramics and alumina ceramics. Their mechanical properties are particularly superior, so It can be processed into automobile parts. Let’s introduce the application of special ceramics in automobile parts in detail.
1. Application of ceramics in automobile engines
New ceramics are sintered from inorganic non-metals. Compared with the alumina ceramic used in the past, it is more than three times stronger and can withstand high temperatures of more than 1,000 degrees Celsius. The new material promotes the development of new uses in automobiles. For example: to reduce the fuel consumption of diesel engines by more than 30%, it can be said that new ceramics are indispensable materials. In current gasoline engines, about 78% of the combustion energy is lost in heat energy and heat transfer. The thermal efficiency of diesel engines is 33%, which is very superior to gasoline engines. However, more than 60% of the thermal energy is still lost. Therefore, in order to reduce this loss, ceramic materials with good thermal insulation properties are used to surround the combustion chamber for heat insulation, and then an exhaust gas turbocharger and a power turbine are used to recover exhaust energy. Tests have proven that this can increase the thermal efficiency to 48%. At the same time, due to the use of new ceramics, it will become possible for diesel engines to start quickly in an instant. The turbocharger uses a new type of ceramic, which has superior heat resistance than today's super heat-resistant alloys, but its specific gravity is only about one-third of that of a metal turbine. Therefore, the new ceramic turbine can compensate for the low dynamic response of the metal turbine. Other ongoing research includes the use of new ceramics in moving parts such as piston pins and piston rings. Engine efficiency is expected to improve due to weight reduction.
2. Application of special sensitive ceramics in automotive sensors
The requirement for automotive sensors is that they can be used in the harsh environments unique to automobiles (high temperature, low temperature, vibration, acceleration, moisture, noise, exhaust gas) for a long time, and should be small and lightweight. quantity, good reusability, and wide output range. Ceramics are heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant and have potentially excellent electromagnetic and optical properties. They have been fully utilized with the advancement of manufacturing technology in recent years. Sensors made of sensitive ceramic materials can fully meet the above requirements.
3. Application of ceramics in automobile brakes
Ceramic brakes are manufactured on the basis of carbon fiber brakes. A carbon fiber brake disc is initially composed of carbon fiber and resin. It is pressed into shape by a machine. It is then made into a ceramic brake through several processes such as heating, carbonization, heating, and cooling. The hardness of the carbon silicon compound surface of the ceramic brake is close to that of diamond. The disc The internal carbon fiber structure makes it strong, impact-resistant and corrosion-resistant, making the disc extremely wear-resistant. At present, this kind of technology is not only used in F1 racing cars, but also in super civilian sports cars, such as Mercedes-Benz's CL55 AMG.
4. Application of ceramics in automotive shock absorbers
The vibration damping device of luxury cars is an intelligent damper successfully developed by comprehensively utilizing the positive piezoelectric effect, inverse piezoelectric effect and electrostrictive effect of sensitive ceramics. Due to the use of highly sensitive ceramic components, this shock absorber has the function of identifying the road surface and self-adjusting, which can minimize the vibration of the car caused by rough road surfaces.
5. Application of ceramic materials in automobile spraying technology
In recent years, ceramic film spraying technology, which is widely used in aerospace technology, has begun to be applied to automobiles. The advantages of this technology are good heat insulation, ability to withstand high temperatures and high pressures, mature technology, and stable quality. For To achieve the goal of low heat dissipation, the engine combustion chamber components can be sprayed with ceramics, such as zirconium oxide sprayed on the piston top and zirconium oxide sprayed on the cylinder liner. The engine after this treatment can reduce heat dissipation loss, reduce the weight of the engine itself, and reduce the size of the engine. Size, reduce fuel consumption
6. Application of smart ceramic materials in automobiles
Smart ceramic materials as a classification of special ceramic products, including materials used in automobile manufacturing that are sensitive to the environment and can respond sensitively to environmental changes, have now become a and the focus of research in engineering fields.
